What is footing | Types of footing (6+ types)
Footing is a very common word in the civil engineering industry. Before creating a column schedule we are majorly focused on footing. So in this article, we will discuss what is footing, why footings are provided in the buildings, which are different types of footing available in the construction field, and which foot is best for your house. Make sure to read till the end.
Table of content
What is footing?
Shooting is the
structure that connects the building and ground also it helps to transfer a
load of superstructure to the substructure.
Let's understand by
taking an example,
Just imagine one
box and you put that box on the land without any connection with the land. And
suddenly if there is a high-frequency earthquake or wind then there will be
higher chances then that box will change its position from its original
position.
So footing is the
structure that gives stability to the building, a firm base and it connects the
building with the earth.
footing is a very important component of structure in building construction. Which is designed by a structural engineer after the calculation of the load of the whole building.
Why did footing provide in the building?
1. Stability of structure
As we know Soil has
different types of properties, like water absorption. In some rainy seasons
when soil absorbs a large amount of water, then there will be a chance of
settling soil. Once soil starts settling, one portion of the building will dig
into the land. And the building will collapse.
Due to this problem, we need to make sure the building will stay stable for a long period. so that's why footing is provided as the base of any building.
2. Connection of building to soil(land)
I think you everyone played cricket once in your life. So in cricket, there is a stomps bat and ball. And we insert that stumps in the land do you know why? Because we want that day stumps should be in its right position till the game over someone hit that stump with the ball.
Just like this here in the building, we want that the building should be in its right position for a long period also it should not be affected by the wind and earthquakes.
3. To transfer load from the superstructure to the substructure
The weight of 1 bridge is nearly 3 kg to 3.5 kg. So you can just imagine, what will be the weight of the whole building.
This amount of
building load we should transfer to the land otherwise there will be some
collapse in the column and beam. So to safely transfer load from the
superstructure to the substructure We design putting in the foundation of the
building which is the best way to transfer the phone node of the.
The load will increase the footing size and the design also will increase.
Different types of footing.
There are many types of footing available in construction work, and every footing has its advantages and disadvantages of every footing is different based on its functions so we cannot use every footing at every place. So below is the list of different types of footing.
2. Isolated footing
3. Strip footing
4. Strap footing
5. Pile footing
6. Continuous footing
1. Combined footing
Combine footing is the footing that contains two columns and two footings. This type of footing is used when two footings are very close to each other. Combine fitting is also divided into three categories.
1. Rectangular combined footing
Rectangular combined footing has a rectangular base as per the below figure. It is used when both the footings have the same size.
2. Trapezoidal combined footing
The combined footing has a trapezoidal base as shown below figure. This type of footing is used when the two footing sizes are different. One footing has big bass and another has a small.
3. Strap beam combined footing
In this type of
footing, we generally use a beam in between two footings as shown below figure.
We connect two
different sizes of footing with the help of that beam.
2..) Isolated footing
There are a total
of three types of isolated footing
2. Stepped footing
3. Sloped footing
3. Strip footing
Strip footing is the type of footing where we provide more than two columns in one footing as shown below image. This type of footing we can use where the columns are too close.
4. Strap footing
Strap footing is
just like combine footing where we can use a beam as a connector of two
footings.
There are three types of Strap footing shown in the below images where we can use different types of beams to connect to the footing.
5. Pile footing
File foundation is
used when the property of soil is poor and soil cannot hold the load of the
building at the time we can prefer pile footing instead of another simple type
of footing.
In this type of
footing, there is one cap and with that cap, the RCC column and the piles are
connected.
Just type of footing used near water areas and areas where the soil is not stable
6. Continuous footing
This type of footing is generally used in compound walls where the footing is continuous till the end of the wall so this type of putting is known as the continuous footing.
Which footing is best and how to choose the foot for your house?
As we discussed
above there are many types of footing. And the use of every footing is
different. So we have to choose footing as per the requirements.
If the soil is not
stable or the quality of soil is poor where we want to construct a building,
then we can use a pile footing instead of any other footing because pile
footing is the best option we have
If in our structure
there are more than two columns that are very close to each other then we can
go for strip footing.
If we are
constructing a house of two stories then we can use step footing spread footing
and combined footing.
To put the
requirement we can choose a type of footing.
I hope you
understand every type of footing and the requirement of footing and why we are
providing the footing in the building and most important what is the difference
between a footing and a foundation?
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